Author: kingsmtp

  • Cheap Sendgrid alternative

    Why choose Kingmailer over Sendgrid?

    Better inbox rate + easier user interface.

    Emails /moPrice /moPrice /year
    5,000USD5USD49
    10,000USD9USD79
    20,000USD19USD159
    40,000USD39USD389
    Pay with Credit card, PayPal, Bitcoin, Binance Pay or USDT. Please sign up and test our service first. Contact us info@kingsmtp.com or via Telegram @ KingSMTPcom

    Easy to troubleshoot emails

    In your KingSMTP dashboard, you can click on each email to troubleshoot. KingSMTP logs and retains data of your emails, this is very useful when you need to troubleshoot your emails.

    Here are a few screenshots to give you an idea:

    Incoming messages
    Spam check
    Spam status
    Extra details of your message
    Spam Check details
    Spam score

    This is already pre-configured in your account, give it a try.

    Their Essentials plan (cheapest what they offer, $14,95 p/mo), only gives 3 days of Search email activity… this can never be enough, forcing you to buy more days. A dedicated IP must be purchased (price $89,95 p/mo).

    Kingmailer SMTP offers a simple interface and much much faster setup to start sending, receiving and routing emails.

    This side-by-side comparison is based on features listed on Sendgrid’s pricing page:

    FeaturesSendgridKingmailer
    Straightforward Integration
    SMTP and API
    Interactive API Docs
    Setup Guide
    Comprehensive Client Libraries
    Knowledge Center
    Technical Support
    Trusted Deliverability & Performance
    Purpose-Built Mail Transfer Agent
    Email Address Validation API
    Globally Distributed Architecture
    Reputation & Delivery Visibility
    Suppression Management
    Dedicated IP Addresses
    Automated, dedicated IP warm up
    Dedicated IP Pooling
    Domain Authentication (SPF/DKIM)
    Link Branding
    Reverse DNS
    Universal Links
    Actionable Analytics
    Real-Time Analytics
    Engagement Tracking
    ISP Feedback Loop Data
    Advanced Statistics
    Subuser Comparison Statistics
    Searchable Email Activity3 days included30 days included
    Additional Email Activity HistoryAvailable for
    purchase
    Available for
    purchase
    Event Webhook
    Inbound Parse Webhook
    Expertise & Support
    Technical SupportTicket & chat supportEmail, Facebook messenger, WhatsApp
    Access to Expert ServicesAvailable for purchase
    Dedicated Customer
    Success Manager
    Productive Collaboration
    Dynamic Templates
    Email Content Testing
    Teammate Permissions1 team mate
    API Key Permissions
    Subuser Management
    Privacy & Security
    Two-Factor Authentication
    IP Access Management
    TLS encryption
    SOC 2 Type II certification
    Privacy Shield Certification
    and GDPR Compliance
    Contact us info@kingmailer.co

    FAQ

    How does Kingmailer work?

    Kingmailer is a cloud-based SMTP provider that acts as an email delivery engine, allowing you to send email without the cost and complexity of maintaining your own email servers. Kingmailer manages the technical details of email delivery, like infrastructure scaling, ISP outreach, reputation monitoring, and real-time analytics.

    How does the free trial work?

    You can send 20 transactional emails to max 20 email recipients with your free account, which is perfect for testing purpose. If you need to send more than that, you can easily upgrade to a paid plan.

    How do you measure the number of emails I send?

    Every time you send one email to one recipient, it’s deducted as one email credit from your paid plan. This occurs whether the email is ultimately deferred or sent to spam by the inbox provider.

    What happens if I go over my plan?

    If you send more emails than your plan allows within a given billing period, you will be charged a small overage fee on a per-email basis. Any overage fees are added to your invoice for the following billing period.

    Can you help me get started? Do you offer deliverability consulting?

    Yes! We can walk you through the entire set-up process to ensure that your email environment is built for success. You don’t need deliverability consulting with Kingmailer as your emails are designed to land in user’s inboxes.

    Why do I need to verify my account?

    We only ask you do this by email, just click on the activation link to verify your account. No credit card is needed for this.

  • MailGun alternative

    Why choose Kingmailer over Mailgun?

    With Kingmailer you don’t need to purchase a dedicated IP or “managed email service” or pay extra for “great delivery” to enjoy great deliverability. Great email delivery is already included in your plan, doesn’t matter which plan you use. You can also pay with Bitcoin.

    Try this Mailgun alternative for free.

    Free clean IP address + email routing included. Not for mass mail or sending newsletters.

    Benefits and features

    Price per month$5 (starts at)
    Crypto PaymentsYes
    Inbox rate %99%
    Transactional Emails FocusYes
    Bulk / Mass EmailingNo
    API included Yes
    MX RoutingYes
    DKIM & SPF SupportYes
    Setup Time2 minutes
    Free TrialYes
    Customer SupportEmail & Telegram
    WordPress PluginYes, available
    Privacy FocusedYes
    Emails /moPrice /moPrice /year
    5,000USD5USD49
    10,000USD9USD79
    20,000USD19USD159
    40,000USD39USD389
    Pay with Credit card, PayPal, Bitcoin, Binance Pay or USDT. Please sign up and test our service first. Contact us info@kingsmtp.com or via Telegram @ KingSMTPcom

    Easy to troubleshoot emails

    In your KingSMTP dashboard, you can click on each email to troubleshoot. KingSMTP logs and retains data of your emails, this is very useful when you need to troubleshoot your emails.

    Here are a few screenshots to give you an idea:

    Incoming messages
    Spam check
    Spam status
    Extra details of your message
    Spam Check details
    Spam score

    This is already pre-configured in your account, give it a try.

    Side-by-side comparison

    MailGun offers a free plan (Flex), which barely has any options, so we made the comparison with their Foundation plan, which costs $35 p/mo vs. Kingmailer’s $19.95 monthly plan (or $79 per year).

    This side-by-side comparison is based on features listed on MailGun’s pricing page:

    FeaturesMailgunKingmailer
    Email APIs, SMTP Relay, and Webhooks
    Suppression Management
    Inbound Email Routing
    Email Tracking and Analytics
    99.99% Guaranteed Uptime SLA
    1 Dedicated IP
    Email Address Validations
    Inbox Placement Tests
    Send Time Optimization
    Log Retention5 Days30 Days
    Message Retention1 Day30 Days
    Detailed Documentation
    24/7 Ticket Support
    Instant Chat SupportFacebook messenger
    Live Phone Support
    Managed Deliverability Services
    Rapid Fire Burst Sending
    Custom Features
    Contact us support@kingmailer.co

    FAQ

    How can I upgrade my account?

    Send us an email to upgrade your account.

    How does Kingmailer work?

    Kingmailer is an email delivery and deliverability service that empowers businesses to easily send email from their (web) apps. It’s free to sign up and easy to get started.

    How does your billing work?

    You will be billed every 30 days. We accept PayPal and all major credit and debit cards. Your payment info is stored and processed securely by 2Checkout and never touches our servers.

    How do I send emails with Kingmailer?

    Since Kingmailer has both an HTTP API and an SMTP endpoint, you can choose to send the way you’d like. Both ways have their advantages… SMTP is easy to setup and often plug and play, but API is much more reliable at scale. If you’re building an application, we recommend using our HTTP API.

    How many dedicated IP’s do I need? Can I get more?

    You don’t actually need a dedicated IP when using Kingmailer, because great email delivery is already included in your plan, no additional investment is needed for this from your end.

    How many users come with each plan?

    Every Kingmailer plan (free and paid) allows you to add as many users as you need to your account at no additional cost. We think it’s much easier this way to manage the account with your team, without sharing login credentials.

    I want to test Kingmailer first. How can I do that?

    The free trial is ideal for those looking to test out the service. Keep in mind that the free trial has a max 20 emails per hour limit and a max 20 recipients limit. If you reach these limits, your email traffic will be paused. The free plan has 30 days of log retention so you can easily troubleshoot issues.

  • How to Register Free SMTP Server

    In this article we will explain how to get your account up and running.

    Follow the steps below and have fun!

    1. Sign up / Register

      Signing up with our SMTP service is free and it’s also free to test/try out. Giving you a fair chance to try our product, before deciding to upgrade. No credit card is required for trying out our service.

      You can register at https://kingmailer.org/register

      This is the sign up screen, enter your email address and hit Enter or click Register

    2. Activate your account

      After clicking the Register button, you will receive an email, it will have an activation link.
      Click the activation link and follow the final steps.

    3. Set up your account

      The final steps: enter your first name, last name, your password and click Create account.

    4. Your account is ready

      This is how your brand-new account looks like when you first login:

    From there, the steps to follow are:

    1. Add your first domain

    2. Verify the ownership

      To start sending add the SPF and DKIM to your DNS

    3. Start using the SMTP server

      The SMTP server is now ready and you can start to send or receive emails.

    Once you are ready to upgrade, send us an email info@kingmailer.co.

  • Beste Gratis SMTP Server

    Verstuur, ontvang, route/doorstuur uw e-mails met behulp van onze gratis SMTP-servers. Na het registreren heeft u uw gratis SMTP-gebruikersnaam en SMTP-wachtwoord. En ook gratis SMTP WEB API.


    Kingmailer

    Kingmailer biedt u alles wat u nodig heeft voor het versturen en ontvangen van e-mails. Ook voor het routen van e-mails naar een of meerdere specifieke e-mailadressen bieden wij oplossing.

    Transactional Emails
    Bulk/Marketing allowed
    SMTP
    REST API
    Official libraries
    Community libraries
    Spam score checking
    Spam complaint handling
    Bounce handling
    Shared IPs
    Dedicated IPs
    Separate servers
    Pre-made email templates
    Template engine
    Inbox preview
    Scheduled delivery
    A/B testing
    Email address validation
    Inkomende e-mailverwerking
    RegEx-overeenkomsten voor alle e-mailheaders (“routes”)
    Meerdere filters koppelen
    UTF-8-codering
    Raw MIME
    Handtekening en citaatblokken verwijderen
    Spamfiltering
    Delivery rates
    Bounce rates
    Open rates
    Click tracking
    Unsubscribe tracking
    Spam rates
    Full message storage (180 days /custom)
    Automatic tagging
    Custom tagging
    Custom header metadata tag
    Custom tracking domain
    Geolocation data
    Email client and device tracking
    Real-time notifications
    SPF
    DKIM
    DMARC
    2FA
    Opportunistisch TLS
    Afgedwongen TLS
    Tijd naar inbox
    Systeem beschikbaarheid API
    Service beschikbaarheid API

    Een foutje gezien? Laat het ons weten info@kingmailer.co

    Hoe werkt het?

    Nadat u zich heeft aangemeld bij Kingmailer, heeft u uw eigen gratis SMTP-mailserver, met gebruikersnaam en wachtwoord. U kunt de SMTP-server gebruiken en integreren met uw web-apps, bijvoorbeeld WordPress.

    Hier is een lijst van e-mail types die wij momenteel ondersteunen en niet ondersteunen.

    OndersteuningGeen ondersteuning
    Registratie e-mailsNieuwsbrieven
    Wachtwoord reset e-mailsAanbiedingen e-mails
    Notificatie e-mailsSales e-mails
    Welkom e-mailsBekendmakingen
    Transactionele e-mailsMarketing nieuwsbrieven
    Forum meldingenOngevraagde e-mails
    Factuur & offerte e-mailsSpam
    Niet zeker? Neemt u contact met ons info@kingmailer.co

    Waarom u van Kingmailer zult houden

    Snelle e-mail integratie
    Gemakkelijk om te starten
    Gratis pakket
    Erg betrouwbaar
    Web API
    Kan ook worden gebruikt om mailtjes te ontvangen
    Gemakkelijk om te gebruiken UI
    E-mail + WhatsApp support
    Gemakkelijk om logs van verzonden emails te bekijken
    Gemakkelijke integratie met Gmail
    Bitcoin wordt ook geaccepteerd

    Inbox Geplaatste E-mail

    E-mail ProviderInbox Geplaatste Resultaten
    Gmail100%
    Outlook100%
    Yahoo100%
    Mail.ru100%
    G Suite100%
    Niet aangekomen0%
    Spam1.8%
    Inbox Geplaatst98.2%
    Voor de volledige rapport gaat u a.u.b. naar E-mail delivery report (opent in een nieuw tabblad).

    Veel gestelde vragen

    Welke betalingsmethoden accepteert u?

    We accepteren PayPal en alle gangbare creditcards en betaalpassen. Uw betalingsgegevens worden veilig opgeslagen en verwerkt door 2Checkout en raken nooit onze servers.

    Kan ik bij u een SMTP server kopen?

    Ja.

    Accepteert u Bitcoins?

    Ja.

    Ga ik mijn eigen SMTP-gebruikersnaam en -wachtwoord hebben?

    Ja, nadat u zich heeft aangemeld en uw domein heeft geverifieerd, kunt u uw eigen SMTP-gebruikersnaam en -wachtwoord gebruiken. Al uw e-mails worden verwerkt en gemakkelijk overzichtelijk gemaakt in uw eigen e-mail dashboard.

    Kan ik uw SMTP-server gebruiken met een WordPress plugin?

    Ja.

    Heb ik een eigen domein nodig?

    Ja. Om onze SMTP-service te kunnen gebruiken, heeft u een eigen domein nodig. U moet het domein verifiëren en een paar DNS-records toevoegen (minstens SPF en DKIM), voordat u ermee mailtjes kunt versturen.

    Als u een developer bent en u heeft dit nodig voor testdoeleinden en u heeft geen eigen domein, bevelen wij u aan een gratis .TK-domein te registreren om onze service te proberen.

    Hoe kan ik upgraden?

    Stuur ons een e-mail en wij helpen u verder hiermee.

    Kan ik naar een terugbetaling vragen?

    Ja, dat kan en dat mag.

    Zullen mijn mailtjes in de spam/junk folder belanden?

    Wij geven u een 98% garantie dat dit niet zal gebeuren.

    Kan ik mailtjes versturen/ontvangen vanuit mijn zakelijke e-mailadres?

    Ja, dit is wel mogelijk. U zult in dit geval wel eerst onze MX gegevens toevoegen aan uw domein DNS en vervolgens email routing instellen. Wij zullen u wel helpen hiermee.

    Kan ik mijn mailing lijst hier uploaden en starten met mailen?

    Nee. We bieden klanten geen manier om hun abonnees naar ons platform te uploaden. Ook faciliteren wij op dit moment geen nieuwsbrieven.

    Ik heb een bestand met email adressen gekocht. Kan ik mailtjes sturen naar dit bestand?

    Nee, aangezien het onze service zal schaden.

    Kan ik via de bank overmaken of via Western Union?

    Ja, dat is mogelijk. Stuur ons eerst maar een mailtje info@kingmailer.co.

  • Buy SMTP with Bitcoin

    Looking to buy SMTP with Bitcoin? We offer the best price/quality SMTP service in comparison to other SMTP providers. We accept Bitcoin. Buy your SMTP Server for sending transactional emails and MX email routing/email forward and pay with Bitcoin. Try our SMTP service for free. Start sending, receiving and route /forward emails with your SMTP username and password. Pay with Bitcoin to upgrade your account. Not for sending bulk / mass mail or spam.

    Included in your account

    • Clean IP address
    • Outbound emails
    • Inbound email routing
    • Email dashboard
    • Email API
    • 99.99% Uptime
    • 30 Days log retention

    How much does Kingmailer cost?

    Price
    $5 /monthBuy now
    $59 /yearBuy now
    5,000 emails per month. For Routing & Transactional emails only. Not for sending spam, mass mail or newsletters. Have questions? Send us an email support@kingmailer.co. We accept Bitcoin. Thank you for supporting small business.

    Benefits and features

    Price per month$5 (starts at)
    Crypto PaymentsYes
    Inbox rate %99%
    Transactional Emails FocusYes
    Bulk / Mass EmailingNo
    API included Yes
    MX RoutingYes
    DKIM & SPF SupportYes
    Setup Time2 minutes
    Free TrialYes
    Customer SupportEmail & Telegram
    WordPress PluginYes, available
    Privacy FocusedYes

    Easy to troubleshoot emails

    In your KingSMTP dashboard, you can click on each email to troubleshoot. KingSMTP logs and retains data of your emails, this is very useful when you need to troubleshoot your emails.

    Here are a few screenshots to give you an idea:

    Incoming messages
    Spam check
    Spam status
    Extra details of your message
    Spam Check details
    Spam score

    This is already pre-configured in your account, give it a try.

    How does it work?

    After signing up with Kingmailer you will have your own SMTP mail server, with SMTP username and password / Email API. You can use your new SMTP server and integrate with your web apps for example WordPress, Magento or iOS/Android apps.

    The SMTP server is tied to your domain, make sure to add your domain first and verify its ownership by adding the SPF and DKIM records (this will be provided to you in your account).

    Once you have added/verified your domain, enter the following into your SMTP configuration to start sending transactional emails:

    Host: kingmailer.org
    Type of encryption: TLS
    SMTP Port: 587, 465, 25 or 2525
    SMTP Authentication: Yes
    SMTP username and password

    After following these steps, all of your transactional emails will be relayed via Kingmailer and delivered to your customers inbox.


    Have questions?

    What payment methods do you accept?

    We accept Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, PayPal and all major credit and debit cards. Your payment information is stored and processed securely by 2Checkout and never reaches our servers.

    Can I buy Transactional SMTP here?

    Yes.

    Can I use this SMTP service for sending mass / bulk mail?

    No, we do not offer our service for sending mass / bulk mail.

    Do you accept Bitcoin, Ethereum or Dogecoin?

    Yes.

    Will I have my own SMTP username and password?

    Yes, after signing up, verifying your domain, your own SMTP username and password will be ready for you to use. All of your emails will be logged and easily viewed in your own email dashboard. You will also have your own Email API.

    Can I use this with a WordPress SMTP plugin?

    Yes. We also have our own WordPress plugin, just search Kingmailer SMTP in the WordPress directory. It works with our HTTP API.

    Do I need to have a domain for this?

    Yes. In order to be able to use our SMTP service, you will need to have your own domain. You will need to verify the domain and add a few DNS records (at least SPF and DKIM), before it’s good to go.

    Do you offer forever free trials?

    No. You can try the service for 14 days. No credit card required.

    Can I ask for a refund?

    Yes, no problem.

    Will my emails go to the spam/junk folder?

    We have a 99% inbox rate.

    Can I send/receive emails in my email address?

    Yes, this is possible. You will need to add our MX records to your DNS and configure routing. Don’t worry, we’ll help you with this.

    Can I upload my list here and start emailing?

    No. We do not provide a way for customers to upload their subscribers onto our platform.

    Is it allowed to send spam?

    No, we do not allow any form of spam.

  • Best Free SMTP Server

    Start sending, receiving, routing/forwarding your emails, using our free SMTP server. After signing up you will have your free SMTP Username and SMTP Password. And also free SMTP Web API.

    Emails /moPrice /moPrice /year
    5,000USD5USD49
    10,000USD9USD79
    20,000USD19USD159
    40,000USD39USD389
    Pay with Credit card, PayPal, Bitcoin, Binance Pay or USDT. Please sign up and test our service first. Contact us info@kingsmtp.com or via Telegram @ KingSMTPcom

    Easy to troubleshoot emails

    In your KingSMTP dashboard, you can click on each email to troubleshoot. KingSMTP logs and retains data of your emails, this is very useful when you need to troubleshoot your emails.

    Here are a few screenshots to give you an idea:

    Incoming messages
    Spam check
    Spam status
    Extra details of your message
    Spam Check details
    Spam score

    This is already pre-configured in your account, give it a try.

    Kingmailer provides everything you’ll need for sending, receiving and routing (forwarding) your emails.

    Transactional Emails
    Bulk/Marketing allowed
    SMTP
    REST API
    Official libraries
    Community libraries
    Spam score checking
    Spam complaint handling
    Bounce handling
    Shared IPs
    Dedicated IPs
    Separate servers
    Pre-made email templates
    Template engine
    Inbox preview
    Scheduled delivery
    A/B testing
    Email address validation

    Inbound email processing
    RegEx matching on all email headers (“routes”)
    Chain multiple filters
    UTF-8 encoding
    Raw MIME
    Strip signature and quote blocks
    Spam filtering

    Delivery rates
    Bounce rates
    Open rates
    Click tracking
    Unsubscribe tracking
    Spam rates
    Full message storage (180 days /custom)
    Automatic tagging
    Custom tagging
    Custom header metadata tag
    Custom tracking domain
    Geolocation data
    Email client and device tracking
    Real-time notifications

    SPF
    DKIM
    DMARC
    2FA
    Opportunistic TLS
    Enforced TLS

    Time to Inbox
    System availability API
    Service availability API

    How does it work?

    After signing up with Kingmailer you will have your own free SMTP mail server, with username and password. You can use the SMTP server and integrate with your web apps for example WordPress.

    Why you will love KingSMTP

    Kingmailer SMTP WordPress plugin
    Quick email integration
    Easy setup
    Free plan
    Highly reliable
    Web API
    Can also be used for inbound emails
    Easy to use UI
    Email + Telegram support
    Easy to view logs of sent emails
    Easy to configure in Gmail
    Bitcoin also accepted

    Have questions?

    What payment methods do you accept?

    We accept Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, PayPal and all major credit and debit cards. Your payment information is stored and processed securely by 2Checkout and never reaches our servers.

    Can I buy Transactional SMTP here?

    Yes.

    Can I use this SMTP service for sending mass / bulk mail?

    No, we do not offer our service for sending mass / bulk mail.

    Do you accept Bitcoin, Ethereum or Dogecoin?

    Yes.

    Will I have my own SMTP username and password?

    Yes, after signing up, verifying your domain, your own SMTP username and password will be ready for you to use. All of your emails will be logged and easily viewed in your own email dashboard. You will also have your own Email API.

    Can I use this with a WordPress SMTP plugin?

    Yes. We also have our own WordPress plugin, just search Kingmailer SMTP in the WordPress directory. It works with our HTTP API.

    Do I need to have a domain for this?

    Yes. In order to be able to use our SMTP service, you will need to have your own domain. You will need to verify the domain and add a few DNS records (at least SPF and DKIM), before it’s good to go.

    Do you offer forever free trials?

    No. You can try the service for 14 days. No credit card required.

    Can I ask for a refund?

    Yes, no problem.

    Will my emails go to the spam/junk folder?

    We have a 99% inbox rate.

    Can I send/receive emails in my email address?

    Yes, this is possible. You will need to add our MX records to your DNS and configure routing. Don’t worry, we’ll help you with this.

    Can I upload my list here and start emailing?

    No. We do not provide a way for customers to upload their subscribers onto our platform.

    Is it allowed to send spam?

    No, we do not allow any form of spam.

  • The First Email Computer

    The inaugural email was transmitted between the two machines depicted in this photograph, which were positioned side by side, with their only link being the ARPANET. In the foreground is BBN-TENEXA (commonly referred to as BBNA), the machine that received the first email. At that time, in 1971, host names did not include extensions like .com; the Domain Name System (DNS) was introduced later. In the background is BBN-TENEXB (known as BBNB), the machine from which the first email was sent. Visible in the left foreground is the Teletype KSR-33 terminal that printed the initial email. Just behind it, though largely obscured, is another KSR-33 where the first email was typed.

    Photograph courtesy of Dan Murphy
    Photograph courtesy of Dan Murphy

    BBNA was a Digital Equipment Corporation KA10 (PDP-10) equipped with 64K (36-bit) words of real magnetic core memory, which is equivalent to 288 KBytes by today’s standards. In contrast, BBNB was smaller, featuring only 48K words of memory. Both machines operated using the TENEX time-sharing monitor.

  • Postmaster en mailer daemon

    Vaak ontvang je onverwachte e-mails van een afzender genaamd “Postmaster”, of “Mailer-Daemon”, of “Mail-Subsystem”. Het onderwerp begint meestal met “mail mislukt”, wat betekent dat? Welnu, dit zijn altijd foutmeldingen van het mailsysteem. De “Postmaster” is de persoon die — kort gezegd — zorgt voor het goed functioneren van een mailsysteem.

    De “Mailer-Daemon” is het proces, oftewel het programma, dat verantwoordelijk is voor het transporteren van e-mails. Het transporteren van e-mails is een zeer complexe taak en kan hier niet eens worden besproken.

    In ieder geval geven e-mails van dit type altijd aan dat er een fout is opgetreden tijdens het transport van een e-mail, dat wil zeggen dat de e-mail niet kon worden afgeleverd. In een dergelijk geval wordt de e-mail automatisch teruggestuurd naar de afzender met een beschrijving van de opgetreden fout.

    Een nadere blik op deze e-mails biedt altijd informatie over het probleem. In de meeste gevallen is het ingevoerde e-mailadres onjuist, dat wil zeggen dat het ofwel een typfout is of een niet-bestaand e-mailadres. Een zorgvuldige controle van het adres zou in de meeste gevallen het probleem moeten oplossen; andere problemen kunnen binnen de reikwijdte van deze introductie niet worden behandeld.